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Table 2.
Imaging modalities of gluteal muscle contracture.
| Features | |
|---|---|
| Plain radiograph | 1. Iliac hyper-dense line sign along the lateral iliac cortex in anteroposterior (AP) view |
| 2. Pelvic obliquity | |
| Other signs | |
| 1. Increase in the neck shaft angle | |
| 2. Reduction in center-edge angle | |
| 3. External rotation of proximal femur | |
| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | Primary features |
| 1. Marked atrophy of gluteus maximus | |
| 2. Intramuscular fibrous band | |
| Secondary features | |
| 1. Medial retraction of the distal belly and tendon | |
| 2. Posteromedial retraction of the iliotibial tract at attachment | |
| 3. Depressed groove at the muscle-tendon junction | |
| 4. External rotation of proximal femur | |
| Computed tomography (CT) scan | 1. Atrophy of gluteal muscles |
| 2. Calcification and necrosis of the injection site | |
| 3. Curly band of fascia | |
| 4. Widened gluteal muscle clearance | |
| Ultrasonography (USG) | 1. Thinning of involved muscles |
| 2. Hyperechoic bands within the muscle bundles suggest fibrosis |
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