Treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures: a current concepts review

Open Access

Review

Table 1.

Overview of existing randomized controlled trials on operative vs nonoperative treatment of calcaneus fractures.

Author, Year	Findings
Griffin et al. 2014 [7]	UK HeFt trial. Operative treatment compared with nonoperative care showed no symptomatic or functional advantage. Risk of complications was higher after surgery. Stated that operative treatment by open reduction and internal fixation is not recommended for these fractures.
Agren et al. 2013 [5]	42 operative group, 40 nonoperative. Operative treatment was not superior in managing displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures at one year of follow-up. Appeared to have some benefits at eight to twelve years. Operative treatment was associated with a higher risk of complications but a reduced prevalence of posttraumatic arthritis.
Bahari et al. 2013 [8]	84 operative group, 56 nonoperative group. Stated that surgical treatment is the method of choice. Fewer complications in operative group.
Nouraei and Moosa 2011 [9]	31 operative, 30 nonoperative. Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced calcaneal fractures in the absence of open fracture, severe osteoporosis, or comminution, poor general condition may be the preferred method of treatment.
Sharma and Dogra 2011 [10]	15 operative, 15 nonoperative. No significant difference in outcomes.
Ibrahim et al. 2007 [11]	15-year follow-up of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures from a randomized controlled trial of conservative versus operative treatment published in 1993. 15 operative, 11 nonoperative. No significant difference in outcomes.
Dooley et al. 2004 [12]	23 operative, 24 nonoperative. Do not definitively support primary operative intervention for bilateral calcaneal fractures.
Howard et al. 2003 [3]	226 operative, 233 nonoperative. Outcome scores in this study tend to support ORIF for calcaneal fractures. ORIF patients are more likely to develop complications.
Buckley et al. 2002 [2]	Without stratification of the groups, the functional results after nonoperative care of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures were equivalent to those after operative care. After removal of the patients who were receiving Workers’ compensation, the outcomes were significantly better in some groups of surgically treated patients.
Rodriguez-Merchan et al. 1999 [13]	28 operative, 30 nonoperative. Results better in surgically treated patients.
Thordarson and Krieger 1996 [14]	15 operative, 11 nonoperative. Operative treatment had superior results.
Parmar et al. 1993 [15]	25 operative, 31 nonoperative. No significant difference.

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.