Open Access
Table 3
Evaluation of posterior, varus, and valgus knee instability using stress radiographs [3].
| Kneeling stress | Injury | Grade | Varus stress | Injury | Valgus stress | Injury |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤7mm | Normal or partial tear | I | ≤2.6mm | Normal or partial tear | ≤3.1mm | Normal or partial tear |
| 8–11mm | Complete PCL tear | II | 2.7–3.9mm | Isolated LCL tear | 3.2–9.7mm | Complete sMCL tear |
| ≥12mm | Combined ligament injury | III | ≥4mm | Complete PLC injury | ≥9.8mm | Complete tear of all medial structures |
LCL, lateral collateral ligament; PCL, posterior collateral ligament; PLC, posterolateral corner; PTT, posterior tibial translation; sMCL, superficial medial collateral ligament.
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