Table 1
Comparison of clinical data by study groups.
| In-hospital mortality (n = 5) | Control (n = 20) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 84.6 ± 12.4 | 82 ± 9.1 | .371 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 2 (40%) | 3 (15%) | |
| Female | 3 (60%) | 17 (85%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.8 ± 2.2 | 24 ± 5.2 | .129 |
| Fracture pattern | .162 | ||
| A | 3 (60%) | 14 (70%) | |
| B | 2 (40%) | 2 (10%) | |
| C | 0 | 4 (20%) | |
| Location | |||
| Right | 3 (60%) | 8 (40%) | |
| Left | 2 (40%) | 12 (60%) | |
| Time from injury to surgery (h) | 199.4 ± 162.57 | 24.7 ± 22.3 | <.001 |
| Type of surgery | .145 | ||
| Plating | 3 (60%) | 17 (85%) | |
| K-wires | 1 (10%) | 0 | |
| TKA and screws | 1 (10%) | 0 | |
| TENS | 0 | 1 (5%) | |
| ESF and wires | 0 | 1 (5%) | |
| Screws | 0 | 1 (5%) | |
| Blood loss (ml) | 262.5 ± 149.3 (n = 4) | 308.33 ± 193.4 (n = 18) | .837 |
| Surgical time (min) | 126.8 ± 67.9 | 184.4 ± 105.6 | .243 |
| ASA classification | .067 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 2 | 0 | 5 (25%) | |
| 3 | 3 (60%) | 13 (65%) | |
| 4 | 2 (40%) | 2 (10%) | |
| Anesthesia type | .173 | ||
| Spinal | 1 (20%) | 9 (45%) | |
| Endotracheal tube intubation | 2 (40%) | 9 (45%) | |
| Laryngeal mask | 2 (40%) | 1 (5%) | |
| Local | 0 | 1 (5%) | |
| Underlying comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 4 (80%) | 17 (85%) | .785 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (40%) | 5 (25%) | .504 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1 (20%) | 2 (10%) | .538 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (40%) | 5 (25%) | .018 |
| III a | 0 | 3 | |
| III b | 0 | 2 | |
| IV | 0 | 0 | |
| V | 2 | 0 | |
| Cerebral vascular accident | 0 | 0 | n/a |
| Peptic ulcer history | 1 (20%) | 1 (5%) | .367 |
| Viral hepatitis | 0 | 0 | n/a |
| Dementia | 1 (20%) | 3 (15%) | .785 |
| Affective or psychotic disorder | 0 | 0 | n/a |
| Malignant cancer history | 0 | 4 (20%) | .549 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | .192 |
| Cardiac echo (%) | 70.5 ± 4.6 (n = 3) | 70.4 ± 8.9 (n = 17) | .976 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Na (mmol/L) | 138.4 ± 5.8 | 138.4 ± 4.2 | .818 |
| Preoperative Hb | 6.7 ± 1.7 | 10.9 ± 2.2 | .001 |
| Postoperative Hb | 8.6 ± 2.1 | 9.1 ± 1.5 | .869 |
| Platelet count | 183.0 ± 103.2 | 192.5 ± 42.4 | .767 |
| White blood cell count | 11.4 ± 2.5 | 8.4 ± 2.3 | .019 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 3.7 ± 4.6 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | .060 |
| eGFR | 41.8 ± 32.2 | 78.7 ± 22.1 | .024 |
Variables are presented as mean and standard deviation or frequencies and percentages.
P-value, based on the Mann–Whitney U test for parametric data and the Chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test when appropriate for non-parametric data.
A P < 0.05 was displayed in bold fonts.
Abbreviations: ASA – American Society of Anesthesiology; eGFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb – hemoglobin.
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