Table 3
List of publications and approaches to neglected lower cervical facet dislocations.
| Authors | Year | Cases | Mean age (years) | Mean delay (weeks) | Closed reduction (success/tried) | Approach | Fixation technique | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bartels and Donk [32] | 2002 | 3 | 71.3 | >10 | 0/0 | P–A–P(2), A–P–A–P(1) | LMS, IBC, HP | Authors recommend starting with the posterior approach. |
| Bechet et al. [36] | 2022 | 1 | 70 | 52 | 1/1 | A | IBC, HP | Neurology improved after surgery from A to E. |
| Ding et al. [7] | 2007 | 17 | 45.2 | 13.7 | 0/3 | A–P | LMS, IBG | Use of interbody cancellous graft and LMS. Hospital stay: 7–30 days. Wound complications (2 cases), dura tear (1 case). |
| Hassan [5] | 2002 | 12 | 50 | >14 | 2/12 | A(2), P(1), P–A(9) | HP or LMS | Traction after posterior release, hospital stays 15–29 days. One case of delayed union. |
| Jain et al. [22] | 2010 | 4 | 48.2 | 11.75 | 0/1 | P–A | PW, IBG, HP | Posterior spinous wiring process wiring. Good outcome. |
| Jiang et al. [15] | 2013 | 14 | 46.9 | 20 | 3/9 | A(3), A–P(1), A–P–A(10) | PW and HP or LMS and HP | Use of neuro-monitoring, no complication, all cases fused, surgery duration: 85–215 m. Hospital stay: 13.1 ± 4.6 days. |
| Liu et al. [14] | 2011 | 9 | 45 | >11 | 0/2 | P–A | PW, IBC, HP | Cage subsidence (1 case), loss of reduction (1 case), and overall neurological improved and achieved fusion. |
| Marasini [30] | 2020 | 3 | 48 | >12 | 0/3 | A–P–A | IBC, HP | Corpectomy of the distal vertebra (2 cases), in situ fixation (one case). Neurology improved in all cases. One case developed acute renal failure post-surgery. |
| Payer and Tessitore [8] | 2007 | 1 | 51 | 10 | 0/0 | A–P–A | IBC, HP, LMS | Blood loss: 530 ml fusion was achieved in all cases. Surgery duration: 4 h. |
| Prabhat et al. [13] | 2017 | 15 | 33 | 9 | 5/15 | A(4), A–P(1), A–P–A(9) | IBG, HP, LMS | Blood loss: 470 ml. ICU admission (4 cases), Need of tracheostomy (1 case). All patients improved neurologically. |
| Rajasekaran et al. [23] | 2011 | 1 | 49 | >8 | 0/1 | P | LMS | Use of navigation and neuro-monitoring. Good outcome. |
| Shimada et al. [37] | 2013 | 1 | 76 | 8 | 0/0 | P–A | LMS, HP | Neurological improvement, fusion achieved. |
| Srivastava et al. [12] | 2014 | 1 | 42 | >60 | 0/0 | P–A–P | LMS, IBC, HP | Surgery duration >5 h, no complication. |
| Srivastava et al. [6] | 2016 | 6 | 51 | 6 | 3/6 | A(3), P(2), P–A(1) | IBG, HP, PW or LMS | Prolonged ICU admission need of tracheostomy (1 case). |
| Thompson and Hohl [11] | 1978 | 1 | 72 | 46 | 0/0 | – | – | Fused, moderate deformity. Conservative treatment. |
| Jain et al. [25] | 2020 | 1 | 26 | >14 | 0/0 | P–A | LMS, IBC,HP | Good surgical outcome. |
| Lukhele [33] | 2005 | 15 | 24–56 | >6 | 3/15 | A | IBC, HP | ACDF for reduced cases. Corpectomy and fusion in situ for others. No deterioration, alignment improved, all fused. |
| Goni et al. [17] | 2013 | 6 | 36 | >8 | 0/6 | P–A | HP alone or with PW | One patient had neurological deterioration; two patients became unstable during the operation. |
| Miao et al. [16] | 2017 | 52 | 42.8 | 8.6 | 0/0 | A | IBC and HP | Corpectomy and fusion in situ. Alignment and neurology improved. Fusion was achieved in all cases. |
| Shah et al. [34] | 2018 | 2 | 30 | >150 | 0/0 | – | – | Moderate deformity and they were treated conservatively. |
IBC: interbody cage, HP: H-plate, PW: posterior wiring, LMS: lateral mass screws, IBG: interbody graft, A: Anterior approach, P: Posterior approach, A–P: Anterior–Posterior, A–P–A: Anterior–Posterior–Anterior; P–A: Posterior–Anterior, P–A–P: Posterior–Anterior–Posterior, A–P–A–P: Anterior–Posterior–Anterior–Posterior.
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