Table 1
Pre- and post-operative radiological alignment data among the included studies.
| Study | Pre-operative |
Post-operative |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HKA | LDFA | MPTA | HKA | LDFA | MPTA | |
| Andriollo et al. [12]* | 174.1 ± 5.5 | 89.3 ± 5.8 | 86.3 ± 3.1 | ΔTS 0–5°: 177.9 ± 2.8 | ΔTS 0–5°: 89.4 ± 2.2 | ΔTS 0–5°: 88 ± 2.3 |
| ΔTS >5°: 177.9 ± 3 | ΔTS >5°: 89.3 ± 2.5 | ΔTS >5°: 87.9 ± 2.3 | ||||
| Andriollo et al. [13]* | 174.1 ± 5.5 | 89.3 ± 5.8 | 86.3 ± 3.1 | CF ≤7.5°: 177.6 ± 2.9 | CF ≤7.5°: 89.7 ± 2.4 | CF ≤7.5°: 88.2 ± 2.1 |
| CF >7.5°: 178.1 ± 3 | CF >7.5°: 89 ± 2.3 | CF >7.5°: 87.9 ± 2.5 | ||||
| Andriollo et al. [14]* | 173.2 ± 3.9 | 89.1 ± 5.8 | 86 ± 2.8 | NR | NR | NR |
| Choi et al. [15]* | 170.7 ± 5.7 | 90.5 ± 2.8 | 85.4 ± 3.2 | 178.9 | 96.3° ± 2.1 | 89.2° ± 1 |
| Clark et al. [7]* | FAm: 179.1 | FAm: 87.2 | FAm: 86.3 | FAm: 178.7 | FAm: 89.7 | FAm: 88.4 |
| FAk: 179 | FAk: 86.9 | FAk: 85.9 | FAk: 178.5 | FAk: 87.5 | FAk: 86 | |
| Daffara et al. [16] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Diquattro et al. [17] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Diquattro et al. [18] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Koutserimpas et al. [19]* | F: 175 | F: 91 | F: 87 | F: 179 | F: 91 | F: 88 |
| M: 174 | M: 91 | M: 86 | M: 178 | M: 90 | M: 88.1 | |
| Koutserimpas et al. [20]# | Varus: 173 | Varus: 91 | Varus: 86 | Varus: 178 | Varus: 91 | Varus: 88 |
| Valgus: 186 | Valgus: 93 | Valgus: 90 | Valgus: 181 | Valgus: 90 | Valgus: 89 | |
| Koutserimpas et al. [21]# | ≤3°: 176 | ≤3°: 91 | ≤3°: 87 | ≤3°: 179 | ≤3°: 91 | ≤3°: 89 |
| >3°: 172 | >3°: 91 | >3°: 85 | >3°: 177 | >3°: 91 | >3°: 87 | |
| Koutserimpas et al. [22]# | BMI ≥30: 175 | BMI ≥30: 91 | BMI ≥30: 87 | BMI ≥30: 178 | BMI ≥30: 91 | BMI ≥30: 88 |
| BMI <30: 175 | BMI <30: 91 | BMI <30: 87 | BMI <30: 179 | BMI <30: 90.5 | BMI <30: 89 | |
| Koutserimpas et al. [23]# | CS: 174 | CS: 91 | CS: 87 | CS: 179 | CS: 91 | CS: 88 |
| PS: 176 | PS: 91 | PS: 87 | PS: 179 | PS: 91 | PS: 88 | |
| Koutserimpas et al. [24]# | CL: 175 | CL: 91 | CL: 87 | CL: 179 | CL: 91 | CL: 88 |
| CM: 177 | CM: 91 | CM: 88 | CM: 179 | CM: 90 | CM: 89 | |
| Koutserimpas et al. [25]# | ≥10°: 174 | NR | NR | ≥10°: 178 | NR | NR |
| <10°: 178 | <10°: 178 | |||||
| Koutserimpas et al.[26]# | NR | NR | NR | rFKP: 175 | NR | NR |
| unFKP: 174 | ||||||
| Manara et al. [27] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Nixon et al. [8]* | <2 mm: 178.6 ± 2.6 | <2 mm: 86.9 ± 1.9 | <2 mm: 86.5 ± 2 | NR | NR | NR |
| 2–3 mm: 177.8 ± 2.4 | 2–3 mm: 87.5 ± 1.8 | 2–3 mm: 86.2 ± 1.9 | ||||
| 3–6 mm: 177.9 ± 2.4 | 3–6 mm: 87.4 ± 1.9 | 3–6 mm: 85.9 ± 1.9 | ||||
| Yang et al. [28]* | 170.5 ± 5.4 | 88.6 ± 3 | 85.1 ± 3.3 | NR | NR | NR |
| Young et al. [29]* | FA: 175.5 ± 6.23 | FA: 87.7 ± 2 | FA: 87 ± 2.7 | FA: 179.5 ± 2.73 | FA: 87.4 ± 2.1 | FA: 87.2 ± 1.7 |
| MA: 175.7 ± 5.75 | MA: 87.9 ± 2.3 | MA: 87.1 ± 2.4 | MA: 179 ± 2.38 | MA: 89.6 ± 1.5 | MA: 90.9 ± 0.9 | |
| Yu et al. [30]* | 171.3 ± 4.7 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Data are expressed as mean* or median# (degrees of angle) ± SD.
Abbreviations: HKA, hip-knee-ankle; LDFA, lateral distal femoral angle; MPTA, medial proximal tibial angle; ΔTS, Δ tibial slope; CF, combined flexion; FAk, functional alignment kinematic; FAm, functional alignment mechanical; F, female; M, male; BMI, body mass index; CS, cruciate-substituting; PS, posterior stabilize; CL, cementless; CM, cemented; rFKP, restricted functional knee positioning; unFKP, unrestricted functional knee positioning; FA functional alignment; MA, mechanical alignment; NR, not reported.
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