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Table 2
Clinical and radiological outcomes (Retrograde vs Antegrade).
| Author | Refracture R | Refracture A | Reoperation R | Reoperation A | Union R | Union A | Malunion R | Malunion A | Delayed union R | Delayed union A | Non-union R | Non-union A | Union after revision R | Union after revision A | Mobility / function R | Mobility / function A | Op time R (min) | Op time A (min) | Complications R | Complications A |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adesina et al. [18] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 12-wk recovery 132; KF>90° 141; WB 141 | 12-wk recovery 77; KF>90° 80; WB 81 | 63.93 ± 39.60 | 84.04 ± 34.30 | 2 infections | 1 infection |
| Gönder et al. [19] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 2 | 1 | * | * | * | * | Sanders 29.7 ± 5.85; Lysholm 70.6 ± 10.6 | Sanders 30.1 ± 5.63; Lysholm 81.4 ± 7.38 | 88.75 ± 14.49 | 77.92 ± 13.33 | 7 (IF 3, INF 4) | 4 (INF) |
| Ricci et al. [20] | 3 | 0 | 26 | 22 | 91 (88%) | 84 (89%) | 11 (11%) | 12 (13%) | 7 (7%) | 4 (4%) | 6 (6%) | 6 (6%) | 101 (97%) | 93 (99%) | NR | NR | 86–118 | 94–116 | 51 (knee pain) | 55 (HO 26%) |
| Chan et al. [21] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 (100%) | 36 (85.7%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (9.5%) | 0 | 2 (4.8%) | 42 (100%) | 42 (100%) | Good–excellent flexion 91.4% | Good–excellent flexion 88.1% | NR | NR | 1 knee pain | 9 total |
| Bogl et al. [22] | 14 proximal | 0 | 36 total | 46 total | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | NR | NR | NR | NR | 14 proximal peri-implant | 7 distal peri-implant |
R = Retrograde; A = Antegrade; NR = Not reported; * = Not stratified by approach; KF = knee flexion; WB = weight bearing; IF = implant failure; INF = infection; HO = heterotopic ossification.
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