Original Article

No clinical difference at mid-term follow-up between TiN-coated versus uncoated cemented mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty: a matched cohort study

¹ Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon University Hospital, 69004 Lyon, France
² Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute (SORI) at Landmark Orthopaedics, 500 Pacific Hwy, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
³ LIBM – EA 7424, Interuniversity Laboratory of Biology of Mobility, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69622 Lyon, France
⁴ University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, 69622 Lyon, France

^* Corresponding author: etienne.deroche@chu-lyon.fr

Received: 24 November 2022
Accepted: 5 January 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Nitride-based ceramic coating was introduced into surgical implants to improve hardness, reduce abrasion, and decrease the risk of metal-induced adverse reactions, especially for patients with suspected or identified metal hypersensitivity. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a titanium nitride (TiN) coated prosthesis with a mobile bearing design. Methods: This was a retrospective matched-cohort study from a single center, comparing clinical outcomes between patients receiving either a TiN-coated versus an uncoated cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) prostheses for primary total knee replacement. Seventeen patients received the TiN prosthesis between 2015 and 2019. These were matched 1:2 with patients receiving uncoated mobile-bearing knee prostheses with the same design manufacturer. Results: Fourteen patients in the TiN group had complete 5-year follow-up data and were compared with 34 patients from the CoCrMo group. The Knee Society Score was 170.6 ± 28.0 (Function subscore 83.7 ± 17.5 and Knee subscore 86.9 ± 13.8) in the TiN group and 180.7 ± 49.4 (Function subscore 87.5 ± 14.3 and Knee subscore 93.2 ± 9.6) in CoCrMo group, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.19). One patient underwent a revision for instability requiring the removal of the implant in the TiN group and none in the CoCrMo group. The survival rates were 92.9% (CI95% 77.3–100.0) and 100.0% in the TiN group and CoCrMo group respectively (p = 1.0). Discussion: TiN-coated TKA with mobile bearing resulted in satisfactory clinical outcomes, and a low revision rate, and there was no complication related to the coated implant. The use of TiN-coated prostheses in case of confirmed or suspected metal allergy provides satisfactory short-term clinic outcomes.