Open Access
Review
Table 3.
Common flaps for extremity reconstruction.
| Type of flap | Free vs. Pedicled | Pedicle | Indication |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fasciocutaneous flaps | |||
| Radial Forearm | Free or Pedicled | Radial artery antegrade or retrograde | Smaller soft tissue defects, exposed tendons, bone, joints, or neurovascular structures |
| Anterolateral thigh (ALT) | Free or Pedicled | Descending branch lateral femoral circumflex | Large soft-tissue defects, coverage of exposed tendons, bone, joints, and neurovascular structures |
| Muscle flaps | |||
| Latissimus dorsi | Free or Pedicled | Thoracodorsal | Large soft-tissue defects with exposed bone, hardware, and neurovascular structures. Functional restoration of the elbow |
| Rectus abdominis (TRAM or VRAM)* | Free or Pedicled | Deep inferior epigastric | Large soft-tissue defects with exposed bone, hardware, and neurovascular structures |
| Gracilis | Free | Medial femoral circumflex artery | Medium soft-tissue defects with exposed bone, hardware, and neurovascular structures. Can also be innervated as a functional reconstruction |
| Gastrocnemius | Pedicled | Medial or lateral sural artery | Medium soft-tissue defects around the proximal tibia and knee. Functional restoration of the extensor mechanism of the knee |
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