Admission blood glucose as a predictor of shock and mortality in multiply injured patients

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Table 1

Demographic, baseline and outcome data of multiply injured patients with and without shock at admission.

	Total [n = 772]	Shock+ [n = 259]	Shock− [n = 513]	p
Age [years], mean ± SD	44.2 ± 19.4	42.4 ± 18.6	45.1 ± 19.7	0.08^a
Male sex, n (%)	554(71.8)	180(69.5)	374(72.9)	0.4^b
Injure Severity Score (ISS)
Median(IQR)	27(14)	29(19)	27(13)	<0.001^a
Mean ± SD	29.4 ± 10.2	32.3 ± 11.6	27.9 ± 9.2	<0.001^a
Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)
AIS_Head, mean ± SD	2.2 ± 1.7	2.2 ± 1.7	2.2 ± 1.7	0.6^a
AIS_Face, mean ± SD	1.0 ± 1.2	0.9 ± 1.2	1.0 ± 1.2	0.2^a
AIS_Thorax, mean ± SD	2.8 ± 1.5	3.1 ± 1.4	2.7 ± 1.5	0.002^a
AIS_Abdomen, mean ± SD	1.2 ± 1.5	1.4 ± 1.5	1.1 ± 1.4	0.01^a
AIS_Extremities, mean ± SD	2.2 ± 1.3	2.5 ± 1.4	2.0 ± 1.3	<0.001^a
AIS_External, mean ± SD	0.9 ± 1.0	1.0 ± 1.1	0.8 ± 0.9	0.003^a
Duration of intensive care [days], mean ± SD	14.5 ± 14.3	17.8 ± 15.0	12.9 ± 13.7	<0.001^a
Duration of in-patient care [days], mean ± SD	24.2 ± 20.1	28.0 ± 23.9	22.3 ± 17.6	0.005^a
Duration of mechanical ventilation [hours], mean ± SD	261 ± 319	342 ± 340	221 ± 300	<0.001^a
Transfusion requirement
PRBC 48 h [units], mean ± SD	6.9 ± 10.8	11.2 ± 13.8	4.8 ± 8.1	<0.001^a
FFP 48 h [units], mean ± SD	5.4 ± 8.6	8.7 ± 10.5	3.7 ± 6.9	<0.001^a
PC 48 h [units], mean ± SD	0.9 ± 1.9	1.4 ± 2.4	0.6 ± 1.6	<0.001^a
PRBC total [units], mean ± SD	12.2 ± 16.8	18.3 ± 19.5	9.2 ± 14.4	<0.001^a
FFP total [units], mean ± SD	7.7 ± 12.7	11.9 ± 15.5	5.7 ± 10.5	<0.001^a
PC total [units], mean ± SD	1.2 ± 3.3	1.8 ± 4.2	0.8 ± 2.6	<0.001^a
Mortality, n (%)	93(12.0)	47(18.1)	46(9.0)	<0.001^b
Glucose [mmol/L], mean ± SD	8.7 ± 3.5	9.6 ± 4.0	8.0 ± 3.0	<0.001^a
Base excess [mmol/L], mean ± SD	−2.5 ± 5.0	−3.8 ± 6.3	−1.8 ± 4.0	<0.001^a
pH, mean ± SD	7.32 ± 0.12	7.29 ± 0.15	7.34 ± 0.09	<0.001^a
Hemoglobin [g/dL], mean ± SD	11.6 ± 2.5	10.8 ± 2.6	12.1 ± 2.3	<0.001^a
Lactate [mmol/L], mean ± SD	3.0 ± 2.4	3.7 ± 2.8	2.7 ± 2.1	<0.001^a
HCO₃ [mmol/L], mean ± SD	22.7 ± 4.0	21.5 ± 4.5	23.3 ± 3.6	<0.001^a
Systolic blood pressure [mmHg], mean ± SD	119 ± 30	92 ± 20	133 ± 25	<0.001^a
Heart frequency [min⁻¹], mean ± SD	92 ± 21	105 ± 23	85 ± 16	<0.001^a
Shock index, mean ± SD	0.84 ± 0.41	1.20 ± 0.52	0.66 ± 0.14	<0.001^a
Thrombocytes [×10⁹/L], mean ± SD	196 ± 72	196 ± 77	196 ± 69	0.6^a
INR, mean ± SD	1.3 ± 0.7	1.5 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.5	<0.001^a
PTT [s], mean ± SD	35.3 ± 23.1	40.6 ± 28.4	32.6 ± 19.4	<0.001^a
Coagulopathy, n (%)	206(26.7)	104(40.2)	102(19.9)	<0.001^b

Mann–Whitney U-test.

Fisher’s exact test.

SD = standard deviation, PRBC = packed red blood cells, FFP = fresh frozen plasma, PC = platelet concentrate, 48 h = within 48 h following admission, INR = international normalized ratio, PTT = partial thromboplastin time.

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