Table 1
Recent literature review of cases reported PCL injuries in children under the age of nine.
| Year | Authors | Number of patients | Age | Accident/mechanism | Kind of injury | Therapeutic strategy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | Clanton et al. [8] | 2 | 6/9 | Playing on a merry-go-round and falling of moving car / NA | Femoral cartilaginous avulsion for both + ACL tibial cartilaginous avulsion, LCL and arcuate ligament torn, MM detached (only for the second child) | Arthrotomy with ACL and PCL osteosuture; posterior capsule, LCL, arcuate complex all reefed; medial meniscectomy |
| 1980 | Sanders et al. [9] | 2 | 6/8 | For both Playing on a merry-go-round / Hyperextension | For both femoral cartilaginous avulsion | Arthrotomy with osteosuture |
| 1989 | Frank and Strother [10] | 1 | 7 | Ski accident / NA | Femoral Cartilaginous avulsion | Misdiagnosis Delayed surgery |
| 1997 | Lobenhoffer et al. [11] | 1 | 3 | NA | Femoral cartilaginous avulsion | Transosseous suture |
| 2003 | MacDonald et al. [12] | 1 | 6 | Trampoline accident | Intrasubstance tear | Surgery 5 years after injury |
| 2006 | Hesse et al. [13] | 1 | 9 | Fall from high elevation | Femoral bony avulsion + rupture of popliteal artery | Saphenous vein bypass graft then transosseous femoral sutures |
| 2007 | Shen et al. [14] | 1 | 5 | Direct blow on knee in hypertextension | Femoral cartilaginous avulsion + bucket-handle tear of the PHMM | Arthrotomic reinsertion + meniscus suture |
| 2007 | Anderson and Anderson [15] | 1 | 8 | Hyperextension | Intrasubstance + postero-lateral ligament tears | Surgery 5 years after injury, STG autograft + postero-lateral ligament reconstruction |
| 2011 | Scott and Murray [16] | 1 | 4 | Hyperflexion | Intrasubstance tear | Physiotherapy |
| 2012 | Kocher et al. [17] | 1 out of 26 | 4 | NA | Femoral cartilaginous avulsion | A wide variety and combination of surgical techniques arthroscopic or not. |
| 2021 | Bourbotte | 2 | 6/6 | Trampoline accident and water toboggan bad reception/knee torsion | Femoral cartilaginous avulsion for both + PHMM lesion for one | Arthroscopic fixation with anchors and in-out meniscal repair |
NA: not available, ACL: anterior cruciate ligament, PCL: posterior cruciate ligament, LCL: lateral collateral ligament, MCL: medial collateral ligament, STG: semitendinosus-gracilis, MM: medial meniscus, PHMM: posterior horn of the medial meniscus.
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