Open Access
Table 7
Pedicle violation (N = 100 patients, 508 screws).
| Observer I | Observer II | Observer III | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No violation | 391 (77) | 391 (77) | 391 (77) | 1.000* |
| Medial violation | 48 (9.4) | 48 (9.4) | 48 (9.4) | 0.475** |
| Mean ± SD | 3.4 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 2.3 | |
| Range | 0.4–12.7 | 1–12 | 0.9–12.5 | |
| Lateral violation | 18 (3.5) | 18 (3.5) | 18 (3.5) | 1.000* |
| Mean ± SD | 2.8 ± 1.5 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | 3.4 ± 2.1 | 0.662** |
| Range | 0.4–5.6 | 1–9 | 1–9.8 | |
| Superior violation | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | - |
| Mean ± SD | 2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | |
| Range | – | – | – | |
| Inferior violation | 4 (0.8) | 4 (0.8) | 4 (0.8) | 1.000* |
| Mean ± SD | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 0.825** |
| Range | 0.5–2.5 | 1–2.7 | 0.8–2.9 | |
| Anterior violation | 46 (9.1) | 46 (9.1) | 46 (9.1) | 1.000* |
| Mean ± SD | 4 ± 1.7 | 3 ± 1.8 | 4.1 ± 1.7 | 0.949** |
| Range | 1–10 | 1–9 | 1–10 |
*Chi-square test; **One-way ANOVA. This table shows that no statistically significant difference was found between the observers in terms of the direction or extent of screw violation.
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