This figure illustrates the measured angles which are utilized as radiological outcomes. A: The neck-shaft angle (NSA) measured on AP radiographs. Normal range: 120–140 degrees. B: mLDFA was defined as the angle measured between the mechanical axis of the femur and the knee joint line. Normal range: 85–90 degrees. C: The femoral deformity angle (DA) was defined as the angle measured between two lines drawn along the bone shaft axis and intersecting at the apex of the angulation on AP (left) and Lateral (right) view.