Open Access
Review
Table 1
Characteristics and demographics of the studies.
| No | Author, year | Study design | Level of study | Operative technique | Sample size (M/F) | Age (yr) | Follow-up time (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-osteotomy | |||||||
| 1 | Shen, 2006 [10] | Retrospective | III | Two-stage combined APSF | 4/8 (12) | 13.7 ± 3.6 | 39.6 |
| One-stage combined spinal fusion | 5/7 (12) | 15.2 ± 3.6 | 39.6 | ||||
| 2 | Hamzaoglu, 2008 [11] | Retrospective | III | Halo-femoral traction and posterior only pedicle screw instrumentation | 4/11 (15) | 17.8 | 56 |
| 3 | Li, 2009 [9] | Retrospective | III | Single-staged APSF | 6/25 (31) | 15.9 | 42 |
| 4 | Zheng, 2013 [12] | Retrospective | III | PSF with a pedicle screw-only construct | 11/10 (21) | 15 | >24 |
| 5 | Ren, 2014 [13] | Retrospective | III | Anterior release with temporary posterior internal distraction, followed by posterior fusion and instrumentation | 8/9 (17) | 17.7 ± 2.9 | 28.1 ± 5.3 |
| 6 | Mihara, 2020 [14] | Retrospective | III | Single-staged PSF | 6/65 (71) | 16.1 ± 5.8 | N/A |
| 7 | Mirzashahi, 2020 [15] | Retrospective | III | Single-staged posterior-only approach | 8/15 (23) | 16.2 | 37.0 ± 7.6 |
| 8 | Chan, 2020 [16] | Retrospective | III | Single-staged PSF | 3/38 (41) | 16.9 + 5.6 | N/A |
| 9 | Grabala, 2020 [17] | Retrospective | III | Less-invasive TID followed staged pedicle screw instrumentation | 3/19 (22) | 14.8 ± 2.0 | 31 |
| 10 | Gatam, 2020 [18] | Case series | IV | PSF | 1/7 (8) | 16.4 ± 1.8 | 12 |
| 11 | Chan, 2021 [19] | Retrospective | III | PSF using a dual attending surgeon strategy | 12/93 (105) | 15.7 ± 5.0 | N/A |
| 12 | Mihara Y, 2021 [20] | Retrospective | III | Single stage PSF with pedicle screw construct without any osteotomies | 16/112 (128) | 15.5 ± 4.5 | N/A |
| 13 | Badin D, 2023 [8] | Retrospective | III | TID | 1/17 (18) | 13 ± 1.6 | 61.32 |
| 14 | Stone LE, 2024 [21] | Prospective, multicenter | II | Combined anterior release with posterior instrumentation | 3/13 (16) | 14.4 ± 2.0 | 24 |
| 15 | Grabala P, 2024 [22] | Retrospective | III | Halo gravity traction with PSF | 2/18 (20) | 16.5 ± 3.5 | 42 |
| Minimally invasive TID technique followed by staged surgery and PSF | 10/32 (42) | 16.4 ± 4.8 | 42 | ||||
| 16 | Chandirasegaran, 2025 [23] | Retrospective | III | Single-staged PSF | 0/37 (37) | 15.7 ± 3.4 | N/A |
| Ponte Ostetotomy/Smith Peterson Osteotomy | |||||||
| 17 | Zhang, 2019 [24] | Retrospective | III | Multiple-level asymmetrical Ponte osteotomies | 5/21 (26) | 26.7 ± 8.4 | 30.24 ± 10.6 |
| 18 | Di, 2020 [25] | Retrospective | III | A two-staged posterior correction, using a temporary MCGR | 5/12 (17) | 14.5 ± 1.4 | 34.8 |
| 19 | Koller H, 2021 [26] | Retrospective | III | Periapical release using advanced ponte osteotomies, segmental insertion of pedicle screws and a single MCGR | N/A (7) | 15 | 19 |
| 20 | Stone LE, 2024 [21] | Prospective, multicenter | II | Posterior with posterior column osteotomies | 9/29 (38) | 14.4 ± 2.0 | 24 |
| Vertebral Column Resection (VCR) | |||||||
| 21 | Zhou, 2011 [27] | Retrospective | III | Anterior and posterior VCR | 8/8 (16) | 16 | 32.4 |
| 22 | Modi, 2011 [28] | Prospective | II | Posterior multilevel vertebral osteotomy | 4/3 (7) | 23.9 | 40 |
| 23 | Ren, 2014 [13] | Retrospective | III | Anterior vertebral column resection followed by posterior VCR and instrumentation | 9/17 (26) | 15.1 ± 3.7 | 28.4 ± 4.6 |
| 24 | Li, 2019 [29] | Retrospective | III | Anterior and posterior VCR | N/A (6) | 15.5 ± 1.9 | 45.5 |
| 25 | Zhang, 2019 [24] | Retrospective | III | Single-level posterior VCR | 2/10 (12) | 27.9 ± 7.5 | 30.24 ± 10.6 |
| 26 | Song Z, 2022 [30] | Retrospective | III | Posterior VCR | N/A (87) | 18.7 | 42 |
| 27 | Stone LE, 2024 [21] | Prospective, multicenter | II | Posterior VCR | 3/4 (7) | 14.4 ± 2.0 | 24 |
M: Male; F: Female; N/A: not available; PSF = Posterior spinal fusion; TID = Temporary internal distraction; APSF = Anteroposterior spinal fusion; MCGR = Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod; VCR = Vertebral Column Resection.
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