EDP Sciences logo
Submit your paper
Search
Menu
All issues Volume 12 (2026) SICOT-J, 12 (2026) 12 Full HTML
Open Access

Table 2

Summary of studies on subtalar arthroereisis (STA) as adjunct to flatfoot reconstruction.

Study Design / sample Procedures studied Key findings
Vora et al. [18] Cadaveric biomechanical study MDCO + FDL transfer ± STA

  • Adding STA enhanced the correction of the FFF deformity without causing any adverse biomechanical consequences.

  • This added procedure achieved the necessary correction in the severe FFF model.
Xu Yang et al. [19] Retrospective case series in adolescents (20 feet, age 10–14, mean FU 18.9 months). Calcaneal Z-osteotomy + STA

  • STA corrected plantar-flexed talar head, improved T1MT angle.

  • Reduced need for LCL, lowering risk of lateral column pain.

  • Combined approach advantageous for relatively severe flexible flatfoot.
Li Bing et al. [23] Clinical series (32 paediatric feet, age 8–12 years, mean FU 25.3 months). STA + medial soft-tissue reconstruction

  • Combination effectively reconstructed FFF in children.

  • Serve as an effective method for severe forefoot abduction reconstruction.

  • 3.1% reoperation rate.
Walley et al. [22] Case-control study (15 patients vs 30 controls, AAFD, mean FU 4.4 vs 3.3 years, radiographic FU 2.38 years). MDCO + FDL + spring ligament repair + Achilles lengthening with vs without STA

  • Adding STA gave a better chance of achieving a normal TN coverage compared with the control group.

  • STA improved radiographic correction.

  • 6% sinus tarsi pain rate.
Lewis et al. [20] Retrospective clinical study (212 feet, Stage 1 PCFD, mean FU 2.5-year follow-up). Conventional Stage-1 PCFD procedures ± STA

  • Using STA as an adjunct resulted in remarkable improvements in pain and function in stage-1 flexible PCFD reconstruction.

  • Reported high STA removal rate (48%).
Bernasconi et al. [21] Retrospective study (22 feet, adult, Stage IIb AAFD, mean radiographic FU 11.2 months). MDCO + FDL + spring ligament repair ± Cotton osteotomy ± STA

  • STA was the lone predictor of change in TNC and CFM angles.

  • STA improved the correction of forefoot abduction.

  • Implant-related symptom/removal rate (33%).
This Study Prospective clinical study (32 feet, age 14–22 years old, mean FU 39.59 (±6.68) months). MDCO + STA

  • MDCO + STA achieved satisfactory outcomes in young adult FFF.

  • Sinus tarsi pain (12.5%) and STA removal (9.3%).

Abbreviations: STA: subtalar arthroereisis, FU: follow-up, FFF: flexible flatfoot, AAFD: adult-acquired flatfoot deformity, PCFD: progressive collapsing foot deformity, FDL: flexor digitorum longus transfer, MDCO: medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy, T1MT: talar-first metatarsal angle, LCL: lateral column lengthening, TNC: talonavicular Coverage angle, CFM: calcaneo–fifth metatarsal angle.

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.