Open Access
Table 1
(4 major criteria needed) Diagnostic criteria for atypical femoral fractures.
| Major criteria | Minor criteria |
|---|---|
| – Fracture is associated with minimal or no trauma, as in a fall from a standing height or less. | – Generalized increase in cortical thickness of the femoral diaphyses. |
| – Fracture line originates at the lateral cortex and is substantially transverse in its orientation, although it may become oblique as it progresses medially across the femur. | – Unilateral or bilateral prodromal symptoms such as dull or aching pain in the groin or thigh. |
| – Complete fractures extend through both cortices and may be associated with a medial spike; incomplete fractures involve only the lateral cortex. | – Bilateral incomplete or complete femoral diaphysis fractures. |
| – Fracture noncomminuted or minimally comminuted. | – Delayed fracture healing. |
| – Localized periosteal or endosteal thickening of the lateral cortex is present at the fracture site (“beaking” or “flaring”). |
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