Combined latissimus dorsi transfer and deltoid flap for irreparable rotator cuff tear: A retrospective analysis

Open Access

Table 2

Summary of the discussed studies in our manuscript.

Technique	Authors	Patients	Follow-up period	Results	Conclusion
Deltoid flap	Lu et al. [1]	18 patients (15 males and 3 females)	13.9 years	23-point increase in constant score and improvement in pain score (80%) 50% of deltoid flaps rupture and muscular strength deteriorates with time	Significant analgesic effect of deltoid transfers This technique is not recommended for further use in the management of massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears
	Lu et al. [1]	Mean age: 52.3 years	13.9 years
	Roukoz et al. [5]	17 patients (9 males and 8 females)	3.4 years	38-point increase in constant score, 80% improvement in constant pain score and 89% improvement in patient satisfaction	Deltoid muscle flap is reported to be a good option in terms of pain relief and functional improvement
	Roukoz et al. [5]	Mean age: 61.3 years	3.4 years
	Glanzmann et al. [12]	33 patients (20 males and 11 females)	4.4 and 14.6 years	25-point increase in constant score and 64% satisfaction at midterm follow-up with maintenance of these results at long-term follow-up 87% of deltoid flaps rupture at latest follow-up with progression of humeral head migration	This technique is no longer recommended for management of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears
	Glanzmann et al. [12]	Mean age: 65 years	4.4 and 14.6 years
Latissimus dorsi transfer	Gerber et al. [13]	14 patients (13 males and 1 female)	1.2 years	Patients showed an improvement in pain and range of motion	This procedure yielded promising early subjective and objective outcomes
	Gerber et al. [13]	Mean age: 59 years	1.2 years	Patients showed an improvement in pain and range of motion
	Clavert et al. [14]	14 patients (10 males and 4 females)	4.7 years	There was significant electrical activity in the transfer during abduction and external rotation The mean constant score increased by 22 points, the range of motion was improved, and 12 patients were satisfied Only 2 out of 14 transfers failed at the latest follow-up	Latissimus dorsi transfer is a good procedure for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears It acts not only as a muscle tenodesis that covers the humeral head, but also as an active muscle transfer
	Clavert et al. [14]	Mean age: 52 years	4.7 years
	Waltenspül et al. [15]	31 patients (23 males and 8 females)	3.5 years	The mean constant score increased by 13 points, and the subjective shoulder value increased by 34 points There was no statistically significant improvement in external rotation and abduction 13% of the transfers failed at the final follow-up	Midterm results of latissimus dorsi transfers yielded good subjective and objective improvements High rate of failure in this cohort Long-term studies are needed to assess the utility of this technique
	Waltenspül et al. [15]	Mean age: 55.5 years	3.5 years
	Gerber et al. [16]	55 patients (38 males and 17 females)	12.3 years	Constant score had a 24 points improvement and subjective shoulder value had 41 points improvement at the latest follow-up Range of motion improved in a statistically significant manner Only 1 traumatic failure occurred at the latest follow-up	Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer offered an effective treatment for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears, with durable improvements in shoulder function and pain relief
		57 shoulders
		Mean age: 56 years
	Talbot et al. [9]	16 studies	–	31% of articles reported a satisfaction rate less than 80% 67% of articles reported constant scores below 70	Results of latissimus dorsi transfer for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears are variable

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