Table 4
PM-preserving cohort or comparative studies to standard approaches.
| Authors/Year | Study design | Study group | Comparison group | Patients’ No./Surgeries | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kenanidis et al. [1]/2023 | Comparative cohort | STAR | DSA | 400/THAs | STAR had earlier functional improvement, less hospital stay |
| Siddappa VH et al. [2]/2020 | Case series | PM-preserving | No | 150/THAs | Less visualisation but no dislocation at six months f.u. |
| Tan BKL et al. [3]/2020 | RCT | PM-preserving | Standard posterior | 100/THAs | Same 10-year functional outcomes. PM-sparing improved muscle volume and grade |
| Khan RJK et al. [4]/2012 | RCT | PM-preserving | Standard posterior | 100/THAs | Short-term benefits in PM-sparing (better 6-min walk test at 2 weeks and satisfaction at 6 weeks) |
| Charity J et al. [5]/2023 | Retrospective comparative | SPAIRE | Lateral | 285/HAs | SPAIRE returned to pre-injury level better than lateral at 3.5 years |
| Moussallem CD et al. [6]/2012 | Case series | PM-preserving | No | 226/THAs | No dislocations after 3 years f.u. |
| Wang T. et al. [7]/2021 | Prospective comparative | PM-preserving | Standard posterior | 126/THAs | SHER-sparing reduced blood loss, hospital stay, time to mobilisation, stair use and transfusion |
| Viberg B et al. [8]/2023 | Historical comparative cohort | PM-sparing | Standard posterior | 527/HAs | PM-sparing showed a 50% reduction in dislocation and reoperation rates. |
| Apinyankul R et al. [9]/2023 | Prospective comparative cohort | PM-sparing | Standard posterior | 321/HAs | PM-sparing group had lower dislocation rate, mortality, and higher functional scores |
PM: piriformis, THA: total hip arthroplasty, f.u.: follow-up, SHER: short hip external rotators, SPAIRE: Spare Piriformis and Internus, Repair Externus), DSA: Direct Superior Approach, STAR (Superior Transverse Atraumatic Reconstruction), HA: hemiarthroplasty, RCT: randomised control trial, No: number.
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