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Table 3
Summary of the major findings of the included studies regarding MPFL.
| Study | Material model | Experimental design | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Watson et al., 2015 [42] | MRI-based knee model | Lateral force displacement of the patella after MPFLr | MPFLr increases the patella lateral restraining force, while a more anterior placement to the femoral anatomical insertion could increase the contact force and area |
| Kheir et al., 2022 [43] | MRI-based knee model | Knee biomechanics after lateral retinaculum release combined with MPFLr | Release of the lateral retinaculum combined MPFLr decrease patellofemoral contact pressure/area and increase lateral patella displacement starting at 20° knee flexion |
| Sanchis-Alfonso et al., 2019 [44] | CT-based knee model | PF biomechanics after different MPFL fixation techniques | Patellar contact pressures after dynamic MPFLr were similar of the native knee, whereas static MPFLr resulted in greater pressures, potentially increasing the risk of PF OA in long term |
| Watson et al., 2017 [45] | MRI-based knee model | Biomechanical effects of patella alta on contact pressures within PF joint after MPFLr | Patella alta after MPFLr decreases lateral restraining force and PF contact area, while increases PF contact pressures |
| Wei et al., 2024 [46] | CT-based knee model | Explore the more suitable MPFLr strategies for young patients with open physis | A distally-located femoral graft insertion site during MPFLr demonstrates positive outcomes |
Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MPFL, medial patellofemoral ligament; MPFLr, medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction; PF, patellofemoral; OA, osteoarthritis.
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